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Performance of 14 Pecan Genotypes in South Alabama

Table 1. Budbreak dates among 14 pecan cultivars or selections, Fairhope, AL; 1990-1994.

	Date of bud break
Cultivar or selection	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	Mean
Elliott	March 19	March 24	March 13	March 25	March 22	March 20
Cape Fear	March 21	March 22	March 23	March 23	March 23	March 22
Kiowa	March 19	March 25	March 23	March 28	March 25	March 24
Davis	March 21	March 25	March 24	March 26	March 27	March 24
Creek	March 21	March 28	March 26	March 28	March 23	March 25
Jackson	March 22	March 28	March 23	March 29	March 27	March 25
USDA 53-9-1	March 22	March 30	March 26	March 29	March 28	March 27
Melrose	March 22	March 29	March 27	April 2	March 28	March 27
Cheyenne	March 31	March 29	March 28	March 30	March 27	March 29
Choctaw	March 29	March 30	March 28	March 30	March 30	March 29
Sumner	April 2	April 4	April 2	April 6	April 1	April 3
Maramec	April 6	April 9	March 31	April 2	March 31	April 3
Forkert	April 2	April 7	April 1	April 6	March 31	April 3
Stuart	April 6	April 12	April 3	April 9	April 3	April 6

Table 2. Variation in pecan nut maturity among cultivars and years, Fairhope, AL.

Cultivar or selection	1989	1990	Year 1991	1992		1993	Mean
	Date of nut maturity^z
Elliott	10/1	10/4	10/8	10/1	10/19			10/6
Creek	9/30	10/3	10/7	10/13	10/20			10/8
Cheyenne	10/3	10/8	10/9	10/7	10/19			10/9
Cape Fear	10/19	10/11	10/10	10/14	10/26			10/16
Choctaw	10/15	10/15	10/14	10/21	10/27			10/18
Davis	10/17	10/9	10/14	10/26	10/27			10/18
Kiowa	10/20	10/12	10/21	10/20	11/11			10/23
Maramec	11/6	10/17	10/25	10/21	11/10			10/28
Forkert	11/7	10/19	10/29	10/23	11/3			10/28
Melrose	11/8	10/19	11/1	10/15	11/8			10/28
Sumner	11/6	10/29	10/21	11/2	11/8			10/31
Stuart	11/6	10/30	11/2	11/6	11/11			11/4
Jackson	11/6	10/31	10/29	11/6	11/18			11/5
USDA 53-9-1	11/16	10/30	10/31	11/10	11/18			11/8

^zNut maturity represents the date that 50% of the nut shucks had split, by visual observation.

Table 3. Occurrence of nut scab on 14 pecan cultivars or selections at Fairhope, Ala,

in September, 1994, in an orchard receiving a full-season fungicide program.

Cultivar	Mean nut scab	Maximum nut scab
Cheyenne	4.2 aZy	5
Maramec	2.7 b	4
Cape Fear	2.0 c	5
Stuart	2.0 c	4
USDA 53-9-1	1.6 cd	5
Choctaw	1.5 de	3
Forkert	1.5 de	2
Kiowa	1.2 de	3
Davis	1.2 de	2
Creek	1.1 e	2
Jackson	1.1 e	2
Melrose	1.0 e	1
Elliott	1.0 e	1
Sumner	1.0 e	1

^ZMean separation in columns by Duncan’s multiple range test, p = 0.05.

^yScale: 1-5; 1=no scab, 5=worst scab (51-100% of shuck surface covered).

Table 4. Production of kernels, trunk cross-sectional area (CSA), and yield efficiency expressed as g kernels produced per cm² CSA for 14 pecan cultivars or selections at Fairhope, AL.

Cultivar or selection	Kernels produced 1986-1994 (g/tree)	Trunk CSA in 1994 (cm2)	Yield efficiency (g kernel/cm2 CSA)
Creek	29200 bc^Z	20.9 de	85.0 a^Z
Kiowa	38500 a	24.8 b	78.4 ab
Sumner	27000 bcd	22.6 bcd	66.8 bc
Forkert	34700 ab	26.9 a	60.9 cd
Melrose	23500 cde	22.5 cd	57.8 cde
Choctaw	26600 bcd	24.5 bc	56.8 cde
USDA53-9-1	21000 cdef	23.3 bc	49.1 def
Cape Fear	27400 bcd	27.1 a	47.5 def
Davis	22100 cde	24.5 bc	47.0 def
Stuart	19800 defg	24.0 bc	43.6 ef
Cheyenne	12000 g	19.6 e	39.9 fg
Maramec	16000 efg	22.8 bcd	39.3 fg
Elliott	19000 defg	28.9 a	28.7 gh
Jackson	12700 fg	27.4 a	21.1 h

^ZMean separation in columns by Duncan’s multiple range test, P = 0.05.

Table 5. Age of tree, nut weight (all cultivars), % kernel (all cultivars), seasonal rainfall, rainfall during nut development; and crop load; Gulf Coast Substation, Fairhope, AL; 1988-1994.

Year	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	Mean (all years)
Tree age (yrs)	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	-
Nut wt. (g)	8.0	8.7	9.1	8.8	10.1	8.9	8.0	9.0
% kernel	50	44	48	n/a	47	44	33	46
Rainfall (cm) April-October	117	118	66	126	67	96	101	99
Rainfall (cm) 6/10-8/1	26	43	26	34	19	29	40	31
Rainfall (cm) 8/1-9/20	67	9	9	23	17	32	19	25
Crop load (kg/tree)	0.5	3.4	4.8	15.2	8.1	24.2	0.6	8.0

Table 6. Kernel grades and nut weight of 14 pecan selections at Fairhope, AL.

	Kernel grade percentages
Cultivar or selection	No.1	No. 2	No. 3	Reject	Edible kernel^z	Inshell nut wt (g)^z
Forkert	41.7 a^y	4.5 ef	10.6 cdef	2.8 bcd	56.8 a	9.8 bc
Elliott	39.3 ab	4.0 f	6.8 f	0.6 d	50.0 bcd	6.2 k
Jackson	37.6 abc	5.3 cdef	9.3 def	2.3 bcd	52.3 b	12.2 a
Cape Fear	33.7 bcd	6.0 bcdef	8.8 ef	4.6 ab	48.5 cde	8.3 h
Sumner	33.0 cd	6.2 bcdef	12.3 cde	0.7 cd	51.5 b	8.8 fg
Cheyenne	30.8 de	4.7 def	12.0 cdef	5.1 a	47.4 de	6.5 j
Maramec	30.7 de	4.5 ef	15.4 bc	3.6 ab	50.7 bc	10.0 b
Melrose	28.5 def	8.1 abc	15.3 bc	1.0 cd	51.9 b	7.5 I
Kiowa	24.7 efg	8.8 ab	19.3 ab	3.0 abc	52.8 b	10.1 b
Creek	23.2 fgh	8.0 abcd	14.5 bcd	4.1 ab	45.8 e	8.7 g
Davis	21.5 gh	7.6 abcde	11.0 cdef	4.0 ab	40.1 f	9.3 de
Choctaw	18.7 h	7.7 abcde	23.5 a	4.0 ab	49.8 bcd	9.9 bc
Stuart	18.3 h	9.6 a	14.3 bcde	2.6 bcd	42.7 f	9.1 ef
USDA 53-9-1	17.6 h	10.1 a	20.7 a	4.5 ab	48.4 cde	9.6 cd

^yMean separation in columns by Duncan’s multiple range test, p = 0.05.

^zData from 1991 excluded, due to small crop resulting in uncontrolled pests.

Table 7. Nut size and percent edible kernel of cultivars at Fairhope, AL, as compared to other locations.^z

Cultivar or selection	No. of reports	Nut size rank	Kernel % rank
Cape Fear	11	5 y	11
Cheyenne	6	6	6
Choctaw	7	3	6
Davis	2	1	2
Elliott	7	4	6
Forkert	6	2	5
Jackson	2	1	2
Kiowa	8	1	6
Maramec	4	2	4
Melrose	6	5	6
Stuart	6	4	5
Sumner	8	7	6
USDA 53-9-1	3	2	3
Creek	5	1	5

^zAdapted from: Aitken, 1987; Anderson and Crocker, 1990; Calcote and Scott, 1988; O’Barr and Rachal, 1987; Sherman et al., 1982; Sparks, 1982; Thompson and Hunter, 1983; Wood, 1982; Worley, 1986; Young et al., 1974; Young 1978.

^y1=highest rank (largest nut size or highest percent kernel)

Table 8. Inshell nut yield of 14 pecan cultivars or selections at Fairhope, AL.

	Year
Cultivar	1986	1987	1988	1989	1990	1991	1992	1993	1994	Total<