INTEGRATED PEST MANAGEMENT
Commercial Pecan
Insect, Disease, and Weed Control
Recommendations for 2006		  

Alabama Cooperative Extension System / Alabama A&M and Auburn Universities
 

INSECT CONTROL
 

Orchard Survey Procedures
Weekly scouting reports are used to estimate insect infestation levels. The scout or the grower inspects key scout trees to detect levels of infestation for each major pest. The number of scout trees depends on the total number of trees in the orchard; usually 5 to 10 percent are selected. Scout trees should be located so that all quadrants of the orchard are inspected. The preferred method is to scout every fourth tree in every fourth row.
     Counts are made for aphids, scorch mites, and other leaf-feeding pests by examining five compound leaves per scout tree. Counts for nut casebearer and pecan spittlebug counts are made by inspecting five nut clusters on each scout tree. Both nut clusters and leaves are also examined for signs of beneficial organisms.
     Populations of hickory shuckworms and pecan weevils are sampled by using survey traps constructed especially for this task.
Low Impact Insecticides
     Several pesticides are now available that are considered to have low impact on the environment. Most of these have very low mammalian toxicity, posing little or no threat to animals and humans. Also, many are target specific to a great degree, affecting only the pest species targeted and some related species. Beneficial arthropod populations are generally unaffected by the use of these chemicals. In this guide, materials considered to be low impact are indicated by the following symbol, <LI>.
 

Table 1. Pecan Insect Control.
Insect Insecticide
And
Formulation		 Amount Per Acre
For Medium-Size
Trees

Comments
Hickory Shuckworms

MUSTANG
or
ASANA XL
or
BRIGADE 10 WSB
or
CONFIRM 2F <LI>
or
DIMILIN 2L
or
IMIDAN 70WP
or
INTREPID 2F
or
LORSBAN 4E

 3 oz.

5-6 oz.

1 lb.

8-16 oz.

8 oz.

3 lb.

4-8 oz.

2 pt.		 Hickory shuckworms are present in pecan orchards throughout most of the season but are usually not found in significant numbers until June or later. Prior to shell hardening, the creamy white, brown-headed caterpillars feed inside nuts and cause them to drop. After shell hardening, the larvae feed in the pecan shuck, causing it to stick to the shell. Shuckworms can be adequately sampled only with blacklight traps. Treat if the number of adult moths captured equals or exceeds seven during any single trapping period or if three or more are captured for three consecutive trapping periods. If traps are not used and the or-chard has a history of infestation, apply a spray in early June. Three more may be needed at 14-day intervals beginning the first or second week in August. Add an effective spray adjuvant when using Confirm.
Pecan Nut Casebearers

CONFIRM 2F <LI>
or
IMIDAN 70WP
or
INTREPID 2F
or
JAVELIN WG <LI>
or
LEPINOX WDG <LI>
or
LORSBAN 4E
or
PHASER 3EC
or
SPINTOR 2SC <LI>

 8-16 oz.

3 lb.

4-8 oz.

1 lb.

1-2 lb.

2 pt.



4-8 oz.		 Pecan nut casebearers are sporadic pests in Alabama. The most serious infestation normally occurs shortly after nuts are set (late May or early June). Adult moths lay small, flat, whitish eggs on the nuts—normally one egg per cluster. A hand lens may be needed to see the eggs. Emerging  larvae ultimately feed on the nuts. One larva can destroy all the nuts in a cluster. A second generation in July can often cause significant damage to individual nuts. Treat when a thorough, random sample shows 6 percent of the nut clusters to have eggs, larvae, or damage during a normal crop year, or 4 percent when the crop is light. A second application may be required if infestations are heavy. Add an effective spray adjuvant when using Confirm. Timing is critical when using Javelin or Lepinox, and it may not be suitable for heavy infestations without multiple applications.
Phylloxera
LORSBAN 4E
or
PHASER 3EC
or
PROVADO 1.6F <LI>		 2-4 pt.

1 qt.

4 oz.		 Treat trees with a history of infestation and the surrounding trees as well.  time the treatment to coincide with budbreak fungicide sprays for earliest varieties.  Heavy infestations may require a second application in conjunction with the prepollination fungicide spray.
 
Spittlebugs
IMIDAN 70W
or
PROVADO 1.6F <LI>		 1-2 oz.

4 oz.		 Pecan spittlebugs are occasional pests of pecan terminals. They are easily recognized by the white, frothy, spittle-like masses that cover the immature stages. Treat when spittle masses are found on more than 5 percent of the nut-bearing terminals inspected. Repeat as needed based on later samplings.

Yellow Aphids
     Yellow aphids may be found in orchards all through the growing season. They are commonly found feeding on the undersides of leaves. In Alabama, yellow aphid populations are usually heaviest in May and June and again in August and September. They are most likely to require treatment during these population peaks. Treat if yellow aphid numbers exceed 30 per compound leaf after July 1.
     Honeydew, a sticky substance secreted by the aphids, serves as a medium for 		the growth of sooty mold fungi. A heavy buildup of honeydew and sooty mold  caused by a chronic but low aphid population may require treatment at times. In recent years, many growers have experienced difficulty in controlling yellow aphid populations. When choosing an insecticide for populations of these pests, be aware that the history of pesticide use in the orchard is important. Read the Comments which accompany the insecticide choices below when determining which materials to use in your orchard.
 
Insect Insecticide
And
Formulation		 Amount Per Acre
For Medium-Size
Trees

Comments
Yellow Aphids
CENTRIC 40WG <LI>
or
FULFILL 50 WG <LI>
or
PROVADO 1.6F <LI>

2.5 oz

4 oz.

3.5-7 oz
 

 Fulfill activity is slower than most materials due to its mode of action.  Allow sufficient time prior to evaluation and retreatment.  Provado is a reduced-risk material with little impact on beneficial insects.  Addition of an organosilicone-based spray adjuvant at a rate not to exceed the manufacturer's recommended use rate may improve coverage and control;
 

MUSTANG
or
ASANA XL
or
BRIGADE 10WSB
or
MUSTANG MAX
or
WARRIOR

3-5 oz.

5-6 oz.

1 lb.

3-4 oz.

3-5 oz.
 

 These materials are synthetic pyrethroids registered for use on pecans. Materials in this class should be used very carefully in pecans. DO NOT apply any of these materials prior to August. DO NOT make more than two applications in sequence before alternating to another class of chemicals. Mites may become a problem where pyrethroids are used. If your orchard has a history of mite problems, it is not advisable to use a synthetic pyrethroid alone. If a synthetic pyrethroid has been sprayed several times in the past 2 years, avoid using the materials for at least 1 year; 2 years would be preferable.
 

MUSTANG
+
LORSBAN 4E
or
PROVADO <LI>
+
DIMETHOATE 4EC
 

3 oz.

1 pt.

3.5 oz.

10 oz.

 Tank mixes may be advantageous in orchards where mites have been a problem and/or where single insecticides have given less that satisfactory results.  Even when using tank mixes, it is not advisable to make more than two applications of a synthetic pyrethroid before alternating to another control strategy or material.

 
PHASER 3EC 1 qt. This practice helps to prevent or delay the occurrence of pest resistance.
 
TEMIK 15G See Comments. Temik is a soil-applied granular insecticide that has proven excellent for suppression of aphids and mites. This material may be applied in Alabama as:
1) a single application prior to nut-set (June 1)—a maximum of 9.9 pounds a.i. per acre.
2) two applications: the first prior to nut-set—a maximum of 5 pounds a.i. per acre; the second prior to July 15—a maximum of 3 pounds a.i. per acre.
(3) a single, delayed application between July 1 and July 15—a maximum of 3 pounds a.i. per acre.
Survey regularly to detect any recurring aphid or mite problems.
ADMIRE 2F

 

 See Comments Admire is a systemic insecticide that is soil-applied in liquid formulation at a rate of 16 to 32 ounces per acre.  The best time for application is May 15 to July 15.  Admire can be applied either (1) through a drip or microsprinkler irrigation system (low pressure chemigation), (2) as a spot application adjacent to emitters, or (3) side-dress shanked into the root system near emitter lines.  Proper operation of the irrigation system and /or rainfall occurrence is necessary for chemical uptake and efficacy.  Maximum product per acre per season is 32 ounces per acre per season.
Black Pecan Aphids
Same as for Yellow Aphids
or
IMIDAN 70W
or
LORSBAN 4E
or
PROVADO 1.6F <LI>

2-3 lb.

2 pt.

7-14 oz.
 		 Black pecan aphids may be found in orchards as early as May but usually do not reach damaging levels until late summer. They may be found on both sides of pecan foliage. Their feeding causes bright yellow spots on the leaflets. The damaged tissue later turns brown, and injured leaflets may drop. Treat when a thorough survey reveals an average of one black aphid per compound leaf.
 
 
Insect Insecticide
And
Formulation		 Amount Per Acre
For Medium-Size
Trees

Comments
Mites
ACRAMITE 50WS
or
BRIGADE 10WSB
or
DICOFOL 4EC
or
KELTHANE MF
or
SAVEY 50DF
or
VENDEX 50WP		 0.75-1 lb.

1 lb.

4 pt.

4 pt.

3-6 oz.

2 lb.		 Mites, especially pecan leaf scorch mite, have a seasonal distribution similar to black pecan aphid. They are not serious annual pests in all orchards but can cause serious damage when present in high numbers. Leaves damaged by mites normally have a bronzed or scorched appearance. Mite damage usually begins along leaflet midribs and spreads outward. Damage shows up first on low limbs in shaded, interior portions of the tree. After July 1, treat when mites and light damage are observed on the foliage of low limbs. Spot treatments are frequently possible.
 
Pecan Weevils
DIMILIN 2L
or
IMIDAN 70WP
or
SEVIN 80S

 

 8-16 oz.

3.125 lb.

3 lb.

 

 Pecan weevils may emerge from the soil from late July into October in Alabama. Peak emergence is typically between Au-gust 10 and September 20. Use indicator trees with known weevil infestations for weevil detection. Sample weevils with traps. Cone emergence traps or a combination of cone traps and other types is preferred. Using Sevin knockdown sprays on indicator trees with canvas or plastic sheets spread beneath can also indicate weevil emergence. After shell hardening, treat when emergence increases and/or following rain during emergence periods. Continue treatments at 7- to 10-day intervals until emergence ceases. Three applications are usually sufficient. Aphids and mites may build up where Sevin is used (see above for control of aphids and mites). If aphids are present, adding an organophosphate material to the spray may prevent populations from flaring.  Dimilin is for suppression ONLY and may require 2 to 3 years to reduce populations to low levels.  Use Imidan at 7-day intervals ONLY where weevil populations are low to moderate.
 

Stinkbugs
ASANA XL
or
BRIGADE WSB
or
IMICAN 70W
or
MUSTANG
or
MUSTANG MAX
or
PENNCAP-M
or
WARRIOR		 5-6 oz.

8-32 oz.

3 lb.

3-5 oz.

3-5 oz.

2-8 pts.

2.56-5.12 oz.

Stinkbugs attack nuts throughout the growing season, causing abortion of nuts prior to shell hardening and bitter spot (black circular spots) on the kernels after shell hardening. Regularly scout fruiting terminals throughout the season until harvest.  Monitor weeds growing in fence rows or on the orchard floor as well as agronomic crops in adjacent fields to identify stinkbug population buildup and movement into pecan orchards. Scouting should intensify as nuts near completion of ripening and other agronomic crops are harvested. Bitter spot injury can occur even after shucks on pecan nuts begin to split. Plant trap crops, such as pearl millet, soybeans, and cowpeas, in mid-summer along fence rows or on the orchard perimeter to attract stinkbugs and facilitate scouting as well as control. If orchards have heavy stinkbug pressure, minimize weed growth in and around the orchard throughout the year to eliminate alternate hosts for overwintering.

 
Other Insects
     Insect pests other than those listed in Table 1 are considered to be of minor importance in most instances. These include: leaf casebearers, nut and shoot curculios, fall web-worms, walnut caterpillars, pecan budmoths, leaf miners, plant bugs, and stink bugs. If any of these or other minor pests occur in damaging numbers, see Table 2 for the proper material for control and follow label recommendations.

Special Considerations
     Alternative Chemicals. Certain insecticides listed are available in different formulations or under different trade names (e.g., Savit = Sevin). If you are using a formulation other than those listed, be sure it results in the proper amount of active ingredient per 500 gallons of spray mixture or amount applied per acre. Alternating insecticides is suggested when possible to reduce the chances of pesticide resistance or outbreaks of secondary pests.
 

 (25 to 35 feet) in rows 60 feet apart. On smaller trees, use three-fourths of the indicated amount; on larger trees, increase the amount by one-fourth.

Standard Rate vs Concentrate (Low Volume) Sprays.
     When using the standard rate (1X), you spray 12 to 20 gallons of mixture on each tree, depending on tree size. For concentrate (low-volume) spraying, you increase the amount of pesticide in the mixture but spray less mixture per tree so that you still apply the same amount of pesticide to the tree. Research indicates that you can get good coverage and pest control with a 2X concentration: doubling the recommended pesticide rate in the spray and applying 6 to 10 gallons of mixture per tree. If you plan to concentrate spray, ask your sprayer sales representative or county Extension agent about nozzle and tractor speed information. You cannot get adequate pest control using an air blast sprayer with a tractor speed greater than 3 miles per hour.
 
Table 2. Control Ratings For Insecticides Registered For Use On Pecans.
  INSECTICIDES
INSECTS Asana Brigade 10WSB Bt Products Centric 40WG Confirm Cypermethrin Dimethoate
2.67 EC		 Dimilin 2L Fulfill 50WG Guthion 2EC
Black Pecan Aphids 2 2 -- 2 -- 2 1 -- 2 1-2
Fall Webworm -- -- 2 -- 1 -- -- -- -- 1-2
Hickory Shuckworm -- 1 -- -- 1 1-2 -- 1 -- 1
Leaf Miner -- -- -- -- -- 4 -- -- -- 3
Leaf Scorch Mite -- 1 -- -- -- 4 -- -- -- 3
Nut Casebearer -- -- 1-2 -- 1 1-2 -- 1 -- 1
Nut Curculio -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- --
Pecan Bud Moth -- -- 1-2 -- 1 1 -- -- -- 1
Pecan Weevil -- -- -- -- -- 3-4 -- 2 -- 3
Phylloxera -- -- -- -- -- 1-2 -- -- -- --
Plant Bug -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 4
Spittlebug -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 2
Stink Bug -- 1 -- -- -- 1 -- -- -- 4
Walnut Caterpillar -- -- 1-2 -- 1 -- -- -- -- 1-2
Yellow Aphid 2-3 2 -- 2 -- 2 3-4 -- 1-2 3
KEY TO CONTROL RATINGS
1 = Excellent;  2 = Good;  3 = Moderate;  4 = Poor;   -- = Information not available
 
Table 2. Control Ratings For Insecticides Registered For Use On Pecans. (cont.)
  INSECTICIDES
INSECTS Imidan 50WP Kelthane MF Lorsban 4E Intrepid Mustang Max Phaser 3EC Provado Sevin 80S Spintor 2SC Temik 15G Warrior
Black Pecan Aphids 3 -- 2 -- 2 1-2 1-2 3-4 -- 1 1-2
Fall Webworm -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 1 -- --
Hickory Shuckworm 2 -- 3 1 1 2-3 -- 2 2-3 3-4 1
Leaf Miner -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 4 -- 1-2 --
Leaf Scorch Mite 4 1 3 -- -- 4 -- 4 -- 1-2 --
Nut Casebearer 2 -- -- 1 -- 2-3 -- 1-2 1 3-4 --
Nut Curculio -- -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- -- --
Pecan Bud Moth 2-3 -- -- -- -- -- -- 2 1 2 --
Pecan Weevil 2-3 -- -- -- -- -- -- 1 -- 4 --
Phylloxera -- -- 1 -- -- 1 - -- -- 2-3 --
Plant Bug -- -- -- -- 1 2-3 -- 3-4 -- 2 1
Spittlebug -- -- -- -- -- 2 1 1 -- 1 --
Stink Bug -- -- -- -- 1 2-3 -- 3-4 -- 2 1
Walnut Caterpiller -- -- -- 1-2 -- 2 -- 1 1 -- --
Yellow Aphid 4 -- 3 -- 2 2 1 3-4 -- 1 2
KEY TO CONTROL RATINGS
1 = Excellent;  2 = Good;  3 = Moderate;  4 = Poor;   -- = Information not available
 
Table 3. Properties Of Insecticides And Acaricides Used On Pecans That May Affect Water Quality.
Material Surface-Loss Potential1 Leaching Potential2
Asana
Cymbush
Dicofol
Dimethoate
Guthion
Imidan
Lorsban
Mustang
Sevin
Temik
Thiodan
Vendex		 Large
Large
Small
Small
Large
Medium
Medium
Large
Medium
Small
Large
Large		 Small
Small
Medium
Medium
Small
Small
Small
Small
Small
Large
Small
Small
1 The surface-loss potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move with sediment in runoff.
2 The leaching potential indicates the tendency of the pesticide to move in solution with water and to leach below the root zone.
NOTE: Differences in formulations, application mode (e.g., bare ground versus crop canopy), and soil type will affect how these ratings are used.
SOURCE: Most ratings are derived from the USDA-ARS Interim Pesticide Properties Data Base, Version 1.0 by R.D. Wauchope and the surface-loss and leaching potentials by the Soil Conservation Service.
 
Table 4. Seasonal Occurrence Of Pecan Insect And Mite Pests.
Pests Stage Of Development: Month: D

BB

          PO   NS WS           SH       KD       SS                    H  
Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov.
Foliage Pests                  
Leaf Casebearers                /////--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Leaf Phylloxeras     --//////-- -                  --------        
Cigar Casebearers               //////--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Yellow Aphids               ------------------/////////------------------------------//////////-----------------------
Leaf Miners                               ---------------------------///////////////////////---------------
Black Aphids                               ----------------------------------------/////////////////////////
Mites                               ----------------------------------------/////////////////////////
Walnut Caterpillars           ----/////----     -----------    
Fall Webworms                 ---------           ----------- ----////----    
May Beetles                        --///////------------
Budmoths               ------////////////---------------------------------------------------------------------

Nut Pests		                    
Pecan Weevils                 ----------///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Nut Casebearers         -----------------///////////////////-------------/////////////-----------------------------------
Hickory Shuckworms         ---------------------------------------------------/////////////////////////////////////////////////////
Spittlesbugs        ------- ///////-----///////-----------------------------------
Plant and Stink Bugs        --------------------------------------------------------//////////////////////////////////////----------
KEY TO RATINGS AND ABBREVIATIONS:
----- May be present
///// most critical period (normally)		 D = Dormant
BB = Budbreak
PO = Pollination		 NS = Nut Swell
WS = Water Stage
SH = Shell Hardening		 KD = kernel Development
SS = Shuck Split
H = Harvest		  
Insect Control section prepared by Monte Nesbitt, Extension Horticulturist, Alabama Cooperative Extension System, Alabama A&M University and Auburn University
 
Table 10.  Pest Management For Non-Bearing Pecan Orchards.
Disease And Insect Fungicide
And
Insecticide		 Amount Per100 Gallons *

Comments

Budbreak
Time Of Spray: Just as the buds begin to split and show green
Foliar Diseases    
AGRI TIN
or
ENABLE/AGRI TIN
or
SUPER TIN 80WP
or
ENABLE 2E
+
SUPER TIN 80WP
or
ORBIT 45WP/SUPER TIN 80 WP
 		 See label.

See label.

5 oz.

4 oz.

3.75 oz.

See label.		 Refer to Comments under Budbreak section in Table 6.
Hickory Shoot Curculios
THIODAN 50WP 1 lb. Apply curculio sprays at budbreak for the earliest cultivar. Apply Lindane only once, at budbreak. If repeat applications are needed, apply Thiodan after a 10- to 14-day interval.
 
Pecan Bud Moths
CONFIRM 2F <LI> 8 oz.  

Cover Sprays
Time Of Spray: Three weeks after budbreak spray and as needed throughout the season
Aphids        
PROVADO 1.6F <LI>

 

 3.5-7 oz. Observe the treatment "action levels" for bearing trees when making aphid control decisions. Fungicides are usually not necessary after foliage has matured (June 1). If disease pressure is high, additional fungicide applications may be needed.
Foliar Diseases
SUPER TIN 80WP
or
AGRI TIN
 		 See label.

See label.		 Refer to Comments under Cover Sprays section in Table 6.
*  Based on dilute sprays of 150 gallons per acre
 
FUNGICIDE AND INSECTICIDE RATES
     Correct fungicide and insecticide rates are essential for good disease and insect control. Each tree should receive the amount of pesticide recommended in the spray schedule.
     The volume of spray necessary to cover a tree thoroughly will vary with the type of sprayer used. The correct spray concentration, therefore, is determined by the volume of spray each tree receives. The various pesticide concentrations or the amounts of formulations to prepare 500 gallons of spray are indicated in Table 11.
 		 The rates are established for medium-size trees between 25 and 35 feet tall. For trees less than 25 feet tall, use 25 percent less material or multi-ply the amount recommended for medium trees by 0.75.
     For trees over 35 feet tall, apply 25 percent more material or multiply by a factor of 1.25. Rates listed here reflect the lowest rate recommended if a range is listed on the label. Adjust the rate according to your situation.
 
Table 11.  Recommended Fungicide And insecticide Rates For pecans.
Pesticide And Formulation

Amount Of
Formulated Material Per Medium-Size Tree

Gallons Of Spray Applied To Medium Tree
20 18 15 12 10 7.5 5
   

Pounds Of Wettable Powder Per 500 Gallons
Brigade 10WSB 0.08 lb. 2.0 2.2 2.6 3.4 4.0 5.4 8.0
Imidam 70 WP 0.20 lb. 5.0 5.6 6.6 8.4 10.0 13.4 20.0
Sevin 80S 0.25 lb. 6.25 7.0 8.3 10.4 12.5 16.7 25.0
Super Tin 80 WP 0.04 lb. 1.0 1.1 1.3 1.7 2.0 2.7 4.0
Syllit 65 WP 0.17 lb. 4.2 4.6 5.6 7.0 8.4 11.1 16.7
Vendex 50 WP
 		 0.17 lb. 4.2 4.6 5.6 7.0 8.4 11.1 16.7
Dimethoate 1.33 oz.

Pints Of Liquid Formulation Per 500 Gallons
2.1 2.3 2.8 3.5 4.2 5.5 8.4
Di-Syston 8E 0.08 pt. 2.0 2.2 2.6 3.4 4.0 5.4 8.0
Guthion 2EC 0.20 pt. 5.0 5.6 6.6 8.4 10.0 13.4 20.0
Kelthane MF 2.67 pt. 2.2 4.6 5.6 7.0 8.4 11.0 16.8
Lorsban 4EC 0.08 pt. 2.0 2.2 2.6 3.4 4.0 5.4 8.0
Penncap M 0.17 pt. 4.2 4.6 5.6 7.0 8.4 11.1 16.7
Phaser 3EC
 		 .020 pt. 5.0 5.6 6.6 8.4 10.0 13.4 20.0
Mustang 0.25 fl. oz.

Fluid Ounces Of Liquid formulation Per 500 Gallons
6.25 7.0 8.3 10.5 12.5 16.7 25.0
Asana 1.9 E 0.42 fl.oz. 10.5 11.7 14.0 17.5 21.0 31.5 42.0
Confirm 2F 0.67 fl.oz. 16.5 18.3 22.0 27.5 33.0 44.0 66.0
Cymbush 3E 0.22 fl.oz. 5.5 6.0 .3 9.2 11.0 14.7 22.0
Enable 2E 0.66 fl.oz. 16.5 18.3 22.0 27.5 33.0 44.0 66.0
Mustang Max 0.25 fl.oz. 6.25 7.0 8.3 10.5 12.5 16.7 25.0
Orbit 3.6 E 0.33 fl.oz. 8.3 9.2 11.0 13.7 16.7 22.0 33.0
Provado 1.6F
 		 0.33 fl.oz. 8.3 9.2 11.0 13.7 16.7 22.0 33.0
           
Table 12. Restrictions And Residue Tolerances For Fungicides And Insecticides Used On Pecans.
Chemical Tolerance Residue (ppm)  
Abound -- DO NOT apply within 45 days of harvest. DO NOT apply more than 2.3 quarts of product per acre per year. DO NOT make more than six applications per acre per year.
 
Acramite 50WS   DO NOT make more than one application per season.  Do not harvest within 14 days of last application.
 
Admire 2F   DO NOT apply more than 32 fluid ounces per acre per season
 
Agri Tin -- DO NOT apply more than 10 treatments during a single growing season. DO NOT apply after the shucks have started to open. DO NOT open water-soluble packs.
 
Asana